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This is the React InstantSearch v7 documentation. If you’re upgrading from v6, see the upgrade guide. If you were using React InstantSearch Hooks, this v7 documentation applies—just check for necessary changes. To continue using v6, you can find the archived documentation.
By default, InstantSearch sends an initial request to Algolia’s servers with an empty query. This connection helps speed up later requests. However, sometimes you don’t want to perform more network calls than are necessary. For example, you may want to limit the number of search requests and reduce your overall Algolia usage. This guide helps you build a UI that prevents this initial request.

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How a search client works

InstantSearch is the UI layer that sits on top of Algolia’s search client layer, with a state managed by the Algolia search helper layer. These three layers are interchangeable so that you can use the InstantSearch widgets with a different search client. The search client queries Algolia’s servers whenever users refines a search. You can build a custom search client to add custom behavior. For example, to perform backend searches with InstantSearch.

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Implement a proxy

To prevent the initial empty query, you must wrap a custom search client around Algolia’s, and pass it to InstantSearch. The custom search client acts as a proxy for search requests:
React
import { liteClient as algoliasearch } from "algoliasearch/lite";
import { InstantSearch, SearchBox, Hits } from "react-instantsearch";

const algoliaClient = algoliasearch(
  "ALGOLIA_APPLICATION_ID",
  "ALGOLIA_SEARCH_API_KEY",
);

const searchClient = {
  ...algoliaClient,
  search(requests) {
    return algoliaClient.search(requests);
  },
};

const App = () => (
  <InstantSearch searchClient={searchClient} indexName="instant_search">
    <SearchBox />
    <Hits />
  </InstantSearch>
);
This proxy lets you add some logic before calling the search method. In this case, you only call it when performing a query.
You can also use a proxy to only begin searching after a certain number of characters have been typed by adding a condition, for example, query.length > 3.

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Detect empty search requests

If you don’t want to perform a search request when the query is empty (""), you first need to detect it:
JavaScript
const searchClient = {
  ...algoliaClient,
  search(requests) {
    if (requests.every(({ params }) => !params.query)) {
      // Here we have to do something else
    }

    return algoliaClient.search(requests);
  },
};
Sometimes, one user action results in multiple queries, for example, clicking on an RefinementList or using multiple Index widgets. Make sure that every query is empty before intercepting the function call. When an empty search is detected, you must return a formatted response as an array of objects of the same length as the requests array. Each object requires at least these properties: hits, nbHits, and processingTimeMS.
JavaScript
const searchClient = {
  ...algoliaClient,
  search(requests) {
    if (requests.every(({ params }) => !params.query)) {
      return Promise.resolve({
        results: requests.map(() => ({
          hits: [],
          nbHits: 0,
          nbPages: 0,
          page: 0,
          processingTimeMS: 0,
          hitsPerPage: 0,
          exhaustiveNbHits: false,
          query: "",
          params: "",
        })),
      });
    }

    return algoliaClient.search(requests);
  },
};
Now you can use the proxy with the InstantSearch widget:
React
import { liteClient as algoliasearch } from "algoliasearch/lite";
import { InstantSearch, SearchBox, Hits } from "react-instantsearch";

const algoliaClient = algoliasearch(
  "ALGOLIA_APPLICATION_ID",
  "ALGOLIA_SEARCH_API_KEY",
);

const searchClient = {
  ...algoliaClient,
  search(requests) {
    if (requests.every(({ params }) => !params.query)) {
      return Promise.resolve({
        results: requests.map(() => ({
          hits: [],
          nbHits: 0,
          nbPages: 0,
          page: 0,
          processingTimeMS: 0,
          hitsPerPage: 0,
          exhaustiveNbHits: false,
          query: "",
          params: "",
        })),
      });
    }

    return algoliaClient.search(requests);
  },
};

const App = () => (
  <InstantSearch searchClient={searchClient} indexName="instant_search">
    <SearchBox />
    <Hits />
  </InstantSearch>
);
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